Carbureter and vaporizer for internal-combustion engines.



A. WESTMACOTT. GARBURBTER AND VAPQRIZER FOR INTERNAL GOMBUSTION ENGINES.APPLICATION FILED MAY 2a, 1908.

976,237. I Patented Nov. 22, 1910.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

A. WESTMACOTT. GARBURBTER AND VAPORIZER FR INTERNAL GOMBUSTION ENGINES.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 23, 1908.

976,237. Patented Nov.22, 1910.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

y A. WESTMACOTT. GARBURETEB. AND VAPORIZER POB. INTERNAL GOMBUSTIONENGINES.

APPLICATION FILED IAY 23, 1908.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

N fill @fd/wwf ALFRED WES'TMACOTT, 0F ST. HELENS, ISLE 0F WIGHT,ENGLAND.

CARB'URETIEIR AND VAPORIZER FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application led May 23, 1908. Serial No. 434,645.

To all whom 'Lt may concern:

Be it known that I, ALFRED Wns'rMAooT'r, a subject of the King of GreatBritain, residing at St. Helens, in the Isle of Vight, in the county ofHants, England, naval architect, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in or Connected with Carbureters and Vaporizers forInternaL Combustion Engines, of which the following is a specification,reference being had to the drawings hereunto annexed and to the figuresand letters marked thereon-that is to say:

The invention relates to improvements upon an inventionv inV respect ofwhich Letters Patent No. 800777 issued 3rd October 1905l the purpose ofwhich was primarily to provide a means of utilizing paraiin oil in theproduction of an exploslve mixture and the object of the presentinvention is to improve various details of construction Iof the subjectmatter of said Letters Patent.

In the accompanying drawings Figure 1 is a side elevation of acarbureter and vaporizer for internal combustion engines constructedaccording to the present invention. Fig. 2 is a plan thereof. Fig. 3 isa vertical transverse section taken on the line 1 1 of Fig. 1. Fig. 4 isa sectional detail view, the section being taken on the line 1 1 of Fig.

y 1, of the throttle valv'e levers and some connected parts. Fig. 5 is avertical transverse section taken on the line 2 2 of Fig. 4.

Fig. 6 is a plan partly in section of F 1g. 4 with slight additions thepart in section being taken on the line 3 3 of Fig. 3. Fig. 7

is a similar view to Fig. 3 of the mixing valve with its seating. Fig. 8is a plan of the mixing valve separately. Fig. 9 is a plan of theexpansion ring separately. Fig. 10 is a transverse section taken on theline 4 4 of Fig. 9. Fig. 11 is a side elevation of' a carbureter andvaporizer illustrating tlie employment of one auxiliary air valve. Fig.12 is a plan thereof and Fig. 13 is a part vertical transverse sectiontaken on the line 5 5 of Fig. 12.

In the several figures like parts are indicated by similar letters ofreference and Figs. 7 and 8 are drawn to an increased scale with respectto the other figures of the drawings. y

Referring to Figs. 1 to 10 a represents a case or chamber within whichis removably fitted lon 'tudinally of the case a, a cluster oftubesconstituting a vaporizer which tubes at their ends are fixed in tubeplates b1 b2, the lower one b1 of which has a beveled or conedperipheral edge b1* which ts against a corresponding shoulder or seat a1upon the interior of the case or chamber a.

The tube plate b2 at the upper ends of the tubes b is formed with aplain or cylindrical periphery which closely fits the case a and inorder to enable a tight joint'to be made between these parts and toprovide for the expansion of the tubes under the inuence of heat, whichprovision has been found to be necessary in practice, and at the sametime to hold the cluster of tubes securely in place with capability ofeasy removal the following arrangement of parts is employed.

A skeleton support or spider c is exteriorly of its peripheral ring c1,threaded, and said ring is screwed into a corresponding thread Patente@Nov. es, aero.

formed upon the Wall of the case a beneath e the lower tube plate b1 andthe central boss c2 of this spider is bored and threaded to form a nutwhile above the upper tube plate b2 is arranged another spider orskeleton frame b3 which is formed with a peripheral ring b* and saidspider is of dished formation so that said ring b4 bears upon the uppertube plate b2 at its edge and also against the case a.

Passing through a central or distance tube is a spindle b5 which nearits lower end is formed with a shoulder be which bears upon the lowertube plate b1, and the reduced end 117 of the spindle b5 is threaded toreceive a` The upper end of the spindle b5 is thread' ed and passesthrough a' perforation in the boss of the spider b3, and immediatelyabove the upper tube plate b2 it is provided with a nut b9 Which screwsdown u on the tube plate and makes a gas tight jolnt, and a nut .blo isscrewed upon said threaded upper end and bears upon the boss of thespider b", and the group of tubes and their tube plates b1 .b2 are thusfirmly fastened together with capability of easy removal bodily whilethe natural spring due to the dished formation o f the spider b3 admitsof the natural expansionv and contraction of the tubes b under i`varying temperatures. l

The cluster of tubes b is removably fixed in position in the case a bythe threaded lower end of the spindle b5 which screws into the threadedperforation in the central boss (f2 ofthe fixed spider (f while thespindle at its upper end is provided with a square H. to receive a keyby which it may be turned.

As in my former specification hereinbefore referred to, an opening a2,closed by a door a3, operated by a handle a3 is provided at the side ofthe case L for the passage of the flame of a blow lamp in order toeffect a preliminary heating of the tubes when starting the apparatus,and the case (L between the tube plates b1 b2 is by a way a* connectedwith the exhaust port of the engine cylinder so that the hot gasescirculate among the tubes b and after the start maintain said tubes atthe required temperature-to effectually Vaporize the oil and aftercirculating among the tubes the products pass away b y the outlet (L5.

The case a above the cluster of tubes b is provided with an outletaconnecting with the induction pipe of the engine and controlled by athrottle valve e. Screwing into the lower part of the casing a below thecluster of tubes b is a kind of venav ('(mw/caA (Z provided with alateral tubular branch (Z1 which is connected by a junction (Z2 with anoil supply and the tubular branch d1 is. fitted with the usual needlevalve i adjustable by a hand wheel or disk 1 and automatically operatedas hereinafter described for regu lating the supply of oil to the vena('ontracto d.

The .wena contracte d below its junction with the case a is inclosed ina casing (Z3 open at the top to admit a supply of air through the space(Z4 and the lower part of the reim contracter, is furnished withperforations (Z5 which admit air to the interior thereof while the floorof the casing (l3 is provided with a drainage pipe al for any free oilthat may accumulate.

i Seating upon the upper part of the rem( contracte at d* is a conicalvalve Z7 which normally closes the oil way dt* from the branch d1 but islifted by the suction stroke of the engine so as to admit a supply ofair and oil to the mixing chamber (ik. This valve (Z7 is carried by aspindle d which works, in a long bearing (ZQ carried by the bottom ofthe casing cl3 and extends to the outside of said casing where it isprovided with a spring d10 which acts against a washer supported by aregulating nut (In so that the valve Z7 is constantly forced upon itsseat'd* with a pressure capable of regulation. The upper part 7* of thevalve Z7 is also formed conical and performs an important functioninasmuch as it permits the mixture to be carried cleanly into the tubesb and prevents any objectionable drip caused by the lodgment of the oildue to air eddies and thereby greatly increases the efficiency of thevaporizer.

rlhe head a7 of the case a. consists of a chamber open by a way a8 tothe atmosphere and in the fioor of this chamber are provided auxiliaryair ways or inlets afJ controlled by inwardly opening valves f earriedby the lower ends of rods f1 working in long bearings f2 supported bythe' top of the head a7 of the case a and said rods are at their upperends threaded and provided with nuts f3 and around the rods and theirbearings are coiled springs f* which atl their upper ends bearagainstthe nuts f3 by which their degree of compression may be regulated and at their lower ends press upon the spread out extremities f7** of the arms 7' of a yoke the central boss of which is formed as anoval ring within which is a distance collar f and trunnion pins or studsfg are passed through the ring or boss at-itsnarrowest part and alsothrough the collar fs and at their ends engage the thread o3,hereinafter referred to, so that the screw will act to raise and lowerthe yoke while the latter is free to rock to a limited extent thereon.

The throttle valve c is carried by an arm e1 fixed with a spindle e2revolubly working in'a bearing al in the head of the case a and theupper end of the spindle c2 is formed with a quick thread e3 whichengages the ends of the studs ff as hereinhefore described, and saidparts are. so arranged that the rotation of the spindle e2 to close thethrottle valve (z will raise the arms f of the yoke and compress thesprings f* and thereby increase the resistance against opening of theauxiliary air valves to the suction of the engine proportionately to theextent to which the throttle et is closed so that the introduction ofair at the auxiliary air inlets (i9 is regulated accordingly.

rl`he spindle e? of the throttle'valve e has fixed thereon an arm orlever e* the free end of which carries a swiveling eye e5 through whichpasses a rod eG provided with a collar e7 and the end of which rod isconnected with the engine governor.

The governor rod e has a collar es adjustably lixed thereon and aroundthe rod e", between the collar eS and the eye e5 is coiled a spring e sothat upon an increase in speed of the engine the governor rod e is movedtoward the right, Fig. G, and by its collar ('7 engages the eye e5 ofthe lever eI and exercises a thrust thereon and more or less closes thethrottle valve e but upon the slowing of the engine the governor rod eis moved in the opposite direction to exercise a thrust upon the eye e7!through the spring e9 thus more or less opening the throttle valve (1.The governor is secured to the left hand end of the rod shown in Figs. 2and 6.

Mounted loosely upon the spindle c2 of the throttle valve c is a handlever g which near to its free end is provided on one side thereof witha lug g1 which engages one side of the arm or lever e4 and the' handlever g works over a quadrant g2 While connected at g3 With the handlever g by a bolt or rivet is a clamping bar g4 which occupies aposition on clamping bar atits `free end is bored and the under side ofthe quadrant g2 and the tapped 'at g5 to receive the threadedend of aspindle ya furnished with a handwheel gs* and Which spindle is revolublymounted in a hole bored in the extremity of the hand lever g, coincidentwith the tapped'hole g5. and is furnished With a flange or collar g7Which bears upon the hand lever g so that by turning the hand Wheel ge*the hand lever g and clamping bar g4 Will nip or clamp the quadrant g2between them. The hand lever g may thus be set to any point Within agiven arc, as shoWnat-F-ig. 6, so that its lug will by engaging thelever or arm e4' prevent the movement of said lever beyond a given pointin the direction required to open the throttle i a reservoir (not shown)and leading from the valve casing is an inclined pipe h4 Whichterminates over a cup a from Whi'ch a pipe au leads through the top ofthe head a7 to a position immediately over one of the valve controlledair inlets a9 in the bottom of the head or chamber a7 and the office ofwhich is to supply a Water drip to the vaporizer for the purpose ofpreventing premature ignition and heavy knocking in the cylinders Whenusing parafiin in a motor of high cylinder compression.

The needle valve h3 of the Water drip is fitted with a hand Wheel h5 forpurpose of setting the valve and upon the inside face of the hand Wheel71.5 is a ring of serrations h5* and loosely mounted upon the valvespindle is adisk it the face of which is provided With a. ring ofserrations4 h6* adapted to coact With the serrations h5* of the handWheel 'h5 a spring LX being provided-to keep these parts in contact.

Formed on or fixed with the disk it is a slotted arm or` lever LGl* andadjustably fixed in the slot of the arm h** is a stud with which isconnected by a ball and socket joint 71.7 one end of a link ha the otherend of which is by a ball and socket joint hg connected with an offsete4* from the arm or lever e4 which as hereinbefore described isconnected with the governor rod c so that the governor automaticallyregulates the Water drip. The hand Wheel '51 of the Ioil feed valve z'upon its face is similarly prowith the lower end of a link or connectingrod t the upper end of Which is by a ball and socket joint 5 connectedwith a stud adjustably mounted in the slot of a slotted arm s the innerend of which is fixed with one -end of a short shaft 277 mounted in abearing formed in a bracket al fixed' to the head a7 of the case a andto the other end of the sho-rt shaft l is fixed an arm is the extremityof Which is by a ball and socket jointV 9 connected with one end of a`link 1 theot-her end of which is by a similar joint u connected With theoffset et* from the lever e4. By this arrangementthe nor-' mal supply ofthe Water drip valve h3 and oil supply valvez' may be respectivelyregulated by the hand Wheels h5 and z and the adjustable studs of theball and socketjoints k7 and 5 of the slotted arms hw* and i and byreason of the connection of said valves as hereinbefore described Withthe lever e* which controls .the throttle valve the fuel and Watersupplies to the'vaporizer will be. 'automatically lregulatedsynchronously with the supply of explosive mixture to the eugine.

In the example given at Figs. 11 to 13 is shown a slight modification inwhich a single auxiliary air valve is employed. In this case a singleopening a9 is provided in the head a7 of the device closed by aninwardly opening valve f carried by a rod f1 upon the upper end of whichis fixed a collar f1* underl which takes one end y" of a lever f formedwith a boss f5 having studs f which engage at e3 the screw ofthe spindlee2 of the throttle valve e similarly to the arrangement previouslydescribed. The other end of the lever f6 is forked at f7* and embraces asleeve provided With a flange f under Which the end f7* of the levertakes and said sleeve slides upon a rod fm fixed With the head a7 of thedevice and at its upper end is threaded and provided with a regulatingnut f3 While between the flange f11 and nut f3 is arranged a spring f4which tends to keep the valve f up to lts seat. The chamber at the heada7 of the case a is in this example dispensed With and the bracket e113is carried by the case a. e The action of this device is similar to thathereinbefore 'described.

Although the apparatus is primarily intended for the use of paraflin oilit will bc understood that it may be employed in connection with anylight oil or with petrol or other spirit.

By the means hereinbefore described the working of the vaporizer is muchimproved and some slight faults which practical expe-- rience has shownto exist in apparatus constructed according to my former specificationare removed.

Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the saidinvention and in what manner the same is to be performed I dec-lare thatwhat I claim is 1. Tn a carbureter and vaporizer, the combination withan air chamber having an air inlet and a valve seat surrounding said airinlet, said valve seat having an oil passage therein, and the walls otthe air chamber diverging upwardly and downwardly on each side of theValve seat, a double coned valve having its lower coned part adapted toengage with the seat to close the air inlet. and the oil passage, aneedle valve controlling the oil passage, and a spring for normallyholding the double coned valve onf'its seat. i

2. In 'a carbureter and vaporizer, the combination with a easing, oftube plates therein, a group of tubes having their ends fastened to saidplates, a mixing chamber with which one end of the tubes communicate soas to lead the mixture therefrom, a chamber surrounding the tubes andadapted to receive the heating medium, a rod having threaded endspassing through said plates. nuts on the rod bearing against the platesfor holding the tubes therein, a spider below the lower tube plate withwhich the lower end of the rod engages, a dished upper spider having acentral boss having a hole the-rein through which the rod passes and aringlike periphery bearing upon the upper tube plate near its edge andimpinging against the casing, and a nut screwing upon the rod andbearing upon the boss ot' the upper spider.

3. In a carbureter and vaporizer of the character referred to, a case, arotary throttle valve carried by an arm fixed to a rod or spindlepassing through the head ot the case, a quick thread upon the upper endot' said rod, a leverfixed to the valve rod and connected with theengine governor, auxiliary air inlets in the head of the case closedby-inwardly opening valves pr vided lwith rods, a voke having a centralboss provided with an oval perforation surrounding a collar upon thethread of the throttle valve rod, said collar surrounding the thread andpins'passing through the boss of the yoke and the cellar and engagingthe thread so that the yoke is capable of slightly rocking said yokehaving arms perforated at their extremities and working on the rods ofthe auxiliary valves, regulating nuts on the threaded upper endsioir theauxiliary air vaves and springs coiled around said rods anl seating uponthe arms of the yoke and acting against the nuts of the rodssubstantially as herein shown and Adescribed and for the purpose stated.A-l. A carbureter and vaporizer comprising a casing, means for supplyingoil thereto, said casing having an outlet, a4 throttle-valve :tor saidoutlet, an auxiliary air valve, yielding means for holding saidauxiliary valve closed, means for supplying- Water to said auxiliaryvalve, a valve controlling said water supply means, and means controlledby the governor for simultaneously closing the throttle valve, actuatingthe oil and water valves and applying increased tension on the yieldingmeans of the-auxiliary valve.

5. A carbureter and vaporizer comprising a casing having an outlet, athrottle valve for closing said outlet, an auxiliary air supply valve, aspring for holding said valve closed, a water drip, a valve controllingthe same, means for simultaneously actuating the throttle valve andwater drip valve and applying increased tension on the spring of theauxiliary valve, said'means being controlled by the governor.

(3. .=\carbureter and vaporizer comprising a casing having an outlet, athrottle valve controlling the outlet, an auxiliary air supply valve, aspring normally holding the valve closed, a water drip, a valvecontrolling the same, a valve controlling the oil supply to the casing,means controlled by ,the governor for simultaneously operating thethrottle valve and the oil supply and water supply valves and for aplying increased tension on the spring 0F the auxiliary valve, andadjustable means for controlling the extent of movement of said means.

7. A Carbure'ter and vaporizer comprising 105 a -casing having an outlettherein, a throttle valve controlling said out-let, a spindle passingthrough the head of the casing, an arm securing the lower end of thespindle to the throttle valve, said spindle having a quick screw thread`on its upper end, a lever secured to the upper end of the spindle andconnected with the engine governor, an auxiliary air inlet in the headof the casing, an inwardly opening valve closing said inlet, a. rodconnected with said valve, a yoke having a central boss, pins passingthrough the boss of the yoke into the screw thread of the spindle, thearm of the yoke having an opening therein through which the rod of theauxiliary valvepasses, a regulating nut on the upper end of said rod,and a coiled spring on said rod resting on said nut and the arm of theyoke.

8. A earbureter and vaporizer comprising a casing having an outlet, athrottle valve controlling said outlet, a spindle passing through thecasing head and connected with the throttle Valve, said spindle having ascrew thread at its upper end, a lever c011- lar surroundin nut on `theend of said spindle and a coiledspring on said spindle between the armof the yoke and said nut. l

9; A: carbuvret'e-r and vaporizer, comprising a casino' having fan'outlet, a throttle va ve controlling said outlet, a spindle connectedwith the throttle valve, a lever con# nected with the spindle, a rodconnected with the governor and yieldingly connected with` said lever atthe free end thereof, a hand lever loosely mounted upon the throttlevalve spindle, a lug thereon at one side adapted to engage with thethrottle Avalve lever, a clamping bar, a iXed quadrant between the handlever ,and clamping bar, and means for forcing the clamping'bar andlever together to clamp the quadrant between them.

10.-A carbureter .and vaporizer comprising a casing, a water dri in theheadof the casing, a valve contro ling the same, a

- lever connected with said valve, an oil supply at the lower part ofthey casing, a valve controlling the same, .a lever connected with .saidvalvea throttle valve controlling the passage of vapor from the4 casing,a controlling'lever for said throttle valve, means for -connecting thelevers of the several valves sol that they 4work in unisonand'connections to the engine governor whereby the speed ofthe enginecontrols said valves.

11. 'A carbureter and' vaporizer comprising'a casing, a. throttle valvecontrolling the flow of vapor therefrom, a lever connected. with theengine governor for controlling said throttle valve, an auxiliary airinlet valve in the head of the casing, a water drip in conjunction withsaid auxiliary air inlet A.valve for supplying moisture to the air,.a

screw valve controlling the 'said water drip, a hand wheel .connectedwith said valve, a part clutch on one face of the hand wheel, a diskloose upon the valve spindle and hav? ing a coacting part clutch, aspring for keeping said clutches in gear, "a slotted lever secured tothe disk, a stud adjustable in saidslot, ay link, a ball and Vsocketjoint connecting the link'with the stud, a ball and socket jointconnecting the other end of the link with the throttle valve lever, afuel supply at the lower part of the casing, a

screw `valve controlling the same, a hand44 Wheel on said valve, a partclutch on one face 'of the hand wheel, a disk loose upon the valve sindle and provided with ac oacting part c utch, a spring for keepingsaid clutches in gear, alever Xed to said disk, a stud on said lever,`alinka ball and socket joint connecting one end-of the link with the saidstud, a bell crank lever mounted upon the head of the casi-ng, andhaving a slotted arm, an adjustable stud in the slotin said arm, a balland socket joint connecting said stud with the other end of. said link,a secA ondl link, a ball and socket joint connecting one end of saidsecond link with the4 other arm of said bell crank lever anda ball andsocket joint connecting the -.other end of .said link 'with thethrottlelvalve lever, and

means whereby the speed of the engine controls all' o'f said valves.

ALFRED WESTMACOTT.. Witnesses:

J. MAIN,

T. WHITTEN,

